Conditional Sentence

Conditional sentences are sentences expressing factual implications, or hypothetical situations and their consequences. They are so called because the validity of the main clause of the sentence is conditional on the existence of certain circumstances, which may be expressed in a dependent clause or may be understood from the context.

A full conditional sentence (one which expresses the condition as well as its consequences) therefore contains two clauses: the dependent clause expressing the condition, called the protasis; and the main clause expressing the consequence, called the apodosis. An example of such a sentence (in English) is the following:

If it rains, the picnic will be cancelled.

Here the condition is expressed by the clause "If it rains", this being the protasis, while the consequence is expressed by "the picnic will be cancelled", this being the apodosis. (The protasis may either precede or follow the apodosis; it is equally possible to say "The picnic will be cancelled if it rains".) In terms of logic, the protasis corresponds to the antecedent, and the apodosis to the consequent.

Languages use a variety of grammatical forms and constructions in conditional sentences. The forms of verbs used in the protasis and apodosis are often subject to particular rules as regards their tense and mood. Many languages have a specialized type of verb form called the conditional mood – broadly equivalent in meaning to the English "would (do something)" – for use in some types of conditional sentence.

Conditional Sentence Type 1                                                   

→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Conditional Sentence Type 2

→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Conditional Sentence Type 3

→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.

Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)

Example:

Type		Examples
		long forms	short/contracted forms
I	+	If I study, I will pass the exam.	If I study, I'll pass the exam.
	-	If I study, I will not fail the exam. If I do not study, I will fail the exam.	If I study, I won't fail the exam. If I don't study, I'll fail the exam.
II	+	If I studied, I would pass the exam.	If I studied, I'd pass the exam.
	-	If I studied, I would not fail the exam. If I did not study, I would fail the exam.	If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam. If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam.
III	+	If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.	If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam.
	-	If I had studied, I would not have failed the exam. If I had not studied, I would have failed the exam.	If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the exam. If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the exam.

 Referensi :

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_sentence

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/if.htm

Tugas Softskills Pertemuan 1 Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

Exercise 21: Conditional Sentences

1. Understood
2. Would not have been
3. I will give
4. Would tell
5. Would have been
6. Had
7. Stopped
8. Needed
9. Would have found
10. Enjoyed
11. Paint
12. Were
13. Writes
14. Had permitted
15. Could spend
16. Will accept
17. Buys
18. Had decided
19. Would have written
20. Will leak
21. Had studied
22. Hears
23. Seen
24. Gets
25. Turned
26. Were
27. would have called
28. could have talked
29. cloud explained
30. could spoke

Exercise 22: Used To

1. Eating
2. Eat
3. Swim
4. Like
5. Speaking
6. Studying
7. Dance
8. Sleeping
9. Eating
10. Eating

Exercise 23: Would Rather

1. Stay
2. Have stayed
3. Work
4. Studied
5. Not studied
6. Have
7. Stood
8. Not cook
9. Had not arrived
10. Have slept

Exercise 24: Must /Should + Perfective

1. Should have had
2. Have been
3. Must have damaged
4. Shouldn't have parked
5. Have studied
6. Should have studied
7. Must have been
8. Should have deposited
9. Must have forgotten
10. Must not have studied

Exercise 25: Modals + Perfective

1. I would
2. Would have gone
3. May have had
4. Must have done
5. Must have forgotten
6. Should have slept
7. Might have had
8. Could have lost
9. Shouldn't have driven
10. May have run